Aims: To increase the resilience of Cambodian communities to the health risks posed by climate change-related impacts on water. Methodology: Time-series and spatial analyses of surveillance, census and meteorology data were conducted to explore the relationship between “water-sensitive” diseases (e.g. diarrhoeal disease, dysentery and cholera); climate variables; water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) indicators; and sociodemographic factors. A qualitative survey of health professionals assessed their current level of knowledge regarding the links between climate and climate-sensitive diseases in Cambodia.  Findings:There are a number of “water-sensitive” diseases that are present in Cambodia and are likely to be susceptible to climate change, including diarrhoeal diseases, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, melioidosis, viral hepatitis and schistosomiasis.Certain sub-sectors of Cambodia’s population may be more vulnerable to climate change impacts on water and health, including agricultural workers and residents of flood- and drought-prone areas. The relationship between monthly rainfall, temperature and river height and diarrhoeal disease incidence varied across provinces. Education and literacy appear to be more strongly associated with diarrhoeal disease than other factors relating to WASH facilities.  The current level of understanding on the part of health professionals and other key stakeholders in Cambodia regarding the risks posed by climate change on water-sensitive diseases is low.  Conclusions:Climate change is likely to increase the burden of water-sensitive diseases in Cambodia unless urgent, informed action is taken to address the social and environmental determinants of these illnesses, and strategies are implemented to improve the capacity of communities and the health sector to minimize these risks.