Initially, climate adaptation and food security processes were concentrated at the international and national levels. The local impacts of climate change and the complexities in adaptation and food security processes have necessitated the inclusion of local level institutions in the processes. The ‘Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' (IPCC) in its ‘Fifth Assessment Report' (AR5) stressed the importance of providing policy and legal frameworks for supporting the role of local government in this respect. However, the capacity of local governments (particularly in developing countries) to efficiently participate is often questioned due to scarcity of resources as well as weaknesses in legal frameworks. Food security of Bangladesh is under the threat of climate change. The Bangladesh Constitution provides the basis for the legal framework for ensuring food security and protection against environmental hazards for the citizen. Bangladesh prepared its National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) in 2005 and also the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2009. Lack of implementation of these policies and the growing impacts of climate change on domestic food security, particularly on small holder farmers, make it necessary to critique the existing legal framework and institutional capacities of the country. Moreover, Bangladesh also has committed to international forums for strengthening the role of local level institutions in climate adaptation and food security. This research aims to strengthen the capacity of the existing legal framework of Bangladesh in relation to the role of local government in food security and climate adaptation.